Změna je život

PharmDr. Pavel Grodza

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):207  

The role of metformin in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy

Ondřej Krystyník

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):211-215  

Excelent metabolic control is essential for the successful course of pregnancy in women with both pregestational and gestational diabetes. However, in contrast to the non-pregnancy period, pharmacological options for the treatment of diabetes are limited. Compared with insulin, metformin offers a number of practical advantages, such as an oral route of administration, easy training and the low price. Although it crosses the placenta, its use is probably not associated with a risk of fetal harm in early pregnancy. Large randomized trials suggest several positive metabolic consequences of metformin use in pregnancy. These include lower maternal weight...

Acute upper respiratory tract infections - diagnosis and treatement

Karolina Edelmannová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):216-219  

Inflammation of the oropharynx is one of the most common infections across all age categories. The oropharynx, which contains a large amount of lymphatic tissue participating in the defense against external influences, is the gateway for infections. Most inflammations of the oropharynx are of viral origin, so over-the-counter preparations containing substances with a disinfecting and local numbing effect are sufficient. It is also advisable to recommend the overall use of analgesics and antipyretics to treat all symptoms and, of course, a regimen of measures such as bed rest and plenty of fluids. In the case of bacterial inflammations, sometimes we...

Current trends in the use of bacterial lysates

Zuzana Humlová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):220-225  

Bacterial lysates stimulate the general immunity of the body in a non-specific way. They act on non-specific defense mechanisms, leading to an increase IgA in mucous membranes, phagocytic activity and interferon gamma production. They can also stimulate the production of specific antibodies against the bacterial antigens that make up the preparation. In many clinical trials, oral bacterial lysates have been shown to decrease the risk of recurrent respiratory infections in children and adults and reduce the need for antibiotics.

Treatment of chronic pain-up to date

MUDr. Pavlína Nosková, Ph.D.

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):226-231  

Chronic pain is a serious health problem that puts a strain on the entire health system. Her treatment should be conducted rationally and on the basis of current scientific knowledge. The article summarizes the current view of this issue and points to new painkillers and recommendations.

Antibiotic allergies

MUDr. Lenka Sedláčková

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):e4-e8  

Antibiotic allergies represent a growing issue in the current medicine. They limit treatment options, and not always justifiably. The majority of cases is labelled as having penicillin allergy. However, penicillin allergy is up to ten times overdiagnosed. The true allergy confirmation is based on detailed analysis of the course of the adverse event, skin tests, and, selectively, laboratory and provocation tests. This paper offers a review of clinical manifestations and a basic orientation in diagnosis and management of antibiotic allergies.

Flucloxacillin pharmacokinetic properties

Vendula Kubíčková, Vladimíra Vojtová, Karel Urbánek

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):e9-e13  

Flucloxacillin is a semi-synthetic betalactam antibiotic from the group of isoxazolylpenicillins. It differs from oxacillin by the attachment of one fluorine-chlorine atom to the benzene nucleus which improves absorption from the GIT and prolongs its biological half-life. Its bioavailability is 54-79 %, volume of distribution is 0.14 ± 0.14 l/kg, and plasma protein binding is 92-95%. It is only about 10 % metabolised, 75 % excreted by the kidneys via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion with a half-life of 0.75-1.14 h. Dosage ranges from 500 mg every 8 h PO to 2 g every 4 h IV, depending on the severity of the condition and patient characteristics,...

The progression of vaccines - where it's going, sorts, effect, new recommendations

MUDr. Pavel Slezák

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):e14-e17  

The development of vaccines, types, effects, new recommendations. Vaccination is one of the greatest discoveries in the field of medicine. Although vaccination has a long history, it is still evolving, and the development is accelerating. The article is a methodical introduction to the issue of vaccination with a focus on adults. It describes the basic directions of vaccine development, types of vaccines, and the basic principles of their effect. In the conclusion, basic recommendations for vaccination of adults are formulated: comply with prescribed regular vaccinations, recommend seasonally important vaccinations, vaccinate pregnant women, focus...

Herbal capsules to increase breast milk production - their effects and risks

Eva Novák Doubravová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):255-259  

Lactating women are often accompanied by a feeling of lack of breast milk, but this may not correspond to objective reality. One of the traditionally recommended means to increase the production of breast milk are herbal capsules containing fenugreek, alone or in combination with other herbs. The question is whether the use of these herbs can really affect breastfeeding and whether it does not have any negative effects on the mother or her nursing baby.

Biological activities of vitamin D

Lenka Bartošíková, Jiří Nečas

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):232-239  

Vitamin D has long been known for its role in calcium homeostasis for optimal skeletal health. The discovery of vitamin D and its role in preventing rickets is attributed to Elmer McCollum, a nutritional biologist at Johns Hopkins, and John Howland, a pediatrician. Vitamin D represents a group of lipophilic secosteroids responsible for the increased absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphates in the intestines and the subsequent mineralization of bone, and for many other extra-skeletal effects. Recent data include xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial effects, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer,...

Medical devices in wound healing IV: Hydrogels, hydrocolloids and hydrofibers

Barbora Vraníková, Andrej Kováčik

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):240-247  

Wound healing represents a key process in maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the human organism. It is generally known that this process consists of several stages, which should be actively supported by a properly selected wound dressing. However, devices intended for traditional wound healing (dressings made of gauze and non-woven fabric) are not able to maintain a suitable microenvironment in the wound. For this reason, these devices are often replaced by modern dressings intended for moist wound healing. Thus, the aim of this article is to introduce three subgroups of modern dressings for moist healing, namely hydrogels, hydrocolloids...

Klatovy byly k lékárníkům přívětivé

PharmDr. Pavel Grodza

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):263-264  

Kombinace uhličitanů a extraktu z opuncie má synergický účinek

MUDr. Andrea Skálová

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):260-262  

Current recommendations to patients for self-treatment of seasonal respiratory diseases

Karel Hrnčiarik, Martina Kůtková

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023;19(4):248-253  

Common seasonal respiratory disease suitable for self-treatment is an uncomplicated upper respiratory tract disease caused by common viruses. The most effective treatment for seasonal respiratory disease is comprehensive therapy, i.e. not only suppression of symptoms with active agents, but also an often neglected appropriate regimen.