Změní globální pandemie naše priority?

Vladimír Mihál

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 3  

Possibilities and principles of vaccination against COVID-19

Michal Křupka, Petr Kosztyu, Mojmír Račanský, Jan Schovánek, Kristýna Sloupenská, Jan Strojil, Milan Raška

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 7-13 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.001  

For the majority of people, the year 2020 will be inseparably linked to the COVID-19 pandemic which was caused by SARS-CoV-2. By January 1, 2021, nearly 84 million COVID-19 cases and more than 1.8 million COVID-19 associated deaths were confirmed worldwide. Implemented intensive anti-epidemic measures contributed to temporal reduction of the infection spread but they substantially influenced the social life, education system and economy on a global scale. After the anti-epidemic measures were relaxed, virus spread rate increased in the population immediately. Initially expected elicitation of herd immunity is under doubtable. Great expectations are...

Anticoagulation therapy - what a pharmacist should know

Jana Hirmerová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 14-21 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.002  

Anticoagulant drugs affect the coagulation cascade in various ways. Parenteral anticoagulants include unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins and fondaparinux, oral anticoagulants are represented by warfarin (vitamin K antagonist) and the novel group of direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran - thrombin inhibitor; rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban - factor Xa inhibitors). Principal indications of anticoagulants are prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism and prevention of cardioembolic stroke in the patients with atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulants is a heterogeneous group and respective drugs differ in mechanisms of action,...

Current therapeutic options of erdosteine

Marek Lapka

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 22-24 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.003  

Erdosteine belongs to the commonly used mucolytic. The mechanism of action of this substance lies in regulating the mucus viscosity, its formation and also mucociliary transport. However, the peculiarity of erdosteine consists in its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. The article discusses these characteristics in the context of current information with a focus also on the paediatric population.

Influenza and its complications

Pavel Novotný, Dana Hedlová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 26-34  

Influenza is a well-known viral disease of the respiratory tract. It must be distinguished from influenza-like illnesses and other acute respiratory infections. Influenza may have a complicated course, with some cases requiring hospitalization and initiation of antiviral therapy. Influenza complications are divided into pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Complications can further be divided into primary (caused by an influenza virus) and secondary (caused by secondary bacterial infection). Prevention of influenza is both passive (maintaining personal hygiene) and active (vaccination).

Extensive hydrolysates and their role in clinical practice

Nabil El‑Lababidi

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 35-38 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.005  

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common health problem encountered by paediatric general practitioners. After establishment of the diagnosis, an elimination diet is indicated. Mothers of fully breast-fed infants should be recommended a strict dairy-free diet. Extensively hydrolysed formulas (eHF) are usually sufficient in the treatment of 90% of formula fed infants. Amino acid formulas (AAF) are indicated less frequently. Results of clinical studies regarding eHF have various and often conflicting results. This seems to be due to different degrees of hydrolysis and residual allergenicity between various eHF. It seems that long-term use of eHF...

The sequence of antiVEGF(R) preparations in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma in 2020

Ivana Kosíková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): e14-e21  

Pathological angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Antiangiogenic therapy in combination with chemotherapy currently plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of mCRC. The sequence of use of individual antiVEGF(R) preparations is based on the results of clinical trials. Currently, no biomarkers have been validated to determine which patients with mCRC would benefit the most from anti-VEGF therapies.

Recognizing and treating sarcoidosis

Monika Žurková, Vladimíra Lošťáková, Petr Jakubec, Vítězslav Kolek, Eva Kriegová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): e22-e32  

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology that typically affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, most commonly women over 40 years of age. The symptoms that a primary care physician may encounter can be very non-specific. The most characteristic complaints occur in the acute form of the disease, Löfgren syndrome, presenting with a typical bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy detected on chest skiagram, a negative tuberculin test, and an eruption of erythema nodosum in the crural region, often accompanied by bilateral arthritis of the talocrural joint. Löfgren syndrome is usually associated with a good prognosis, with most...

The most significant side effects of non-opioid analgesics and their pharmacological mechanisms

Hana Kotolová, Jana Nováková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): e33-e41 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.012  

Analgesics belong to the most commonly prescribed drugs. Non-opioid analgesics are drugs of various chemical origin that have analgesic, antipyretic and some of them also have anti-inflammatory and antiaggregation effect. They can be divided into analgesics - antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and thus influencing the formation of eicosanoids is a common mechanism of action, especially in nonsteroidal antiphlogistics. Both desirable therapeutic effects and side effects are associated with the influencing of eicosanoid production.

Erectile dysfunction and possibilities of its therapy from the perspective of a pharmacist

Ondřej Šimandl

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): e03-e13 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.014  

Erectile dysfunction affects more than half of men over the age of 50 worldwide. Its causes can be various - somatic and psychological. Effective treatment of erectile dysfunction, incl. elimination of the causative cause, leads to improved couple satisfaction and improved quality of life of man and his health. The pharmacist also plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of this disease.

Superfoods - maca

Dagmar Jankovská, Ivana Garguláková

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): e42-e51 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.013  

The current lifestyle in the developed countries of the world brings with it a number of health risks that contribute to the emergence of diseases of civilization. These include, for example, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, rheumatic diseases, sexual dysfunction, chronic fatigue syndrome and depression. In an effort to reduce these negative effects of inappropriate lifestyles, recommendations have emerged that this trend may be reduced by the consumption of so-called superfoods, the promotion of which is the basis of many modern nutritional recommendations. Despite the ubiquity in the media, the concept of superfood is not clearly...

Medical devices for patients suffering from incontinence I: Absorbent devices

Barbora Vraníková, Andrej Kováčik, Petra Svačinová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 49-54 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.008  

Incontinence (spontaneous leakage of urine or stool) is a disease closely related to patients' quality of life as it excludes patients from a lot of social, work, and personal activities. A long-term overlooking of this problem causes discomfort to patients and can also lead to physical and mental invalidity. This article aims to present the basic types of absorbent medical devices that can be provided to patients with urinary/faecal incontinence, with a particular focus on the proper handling and use of these devices.

Cholin jako esenciální živina a jeho význam v těhotenství

Simona Mlezivová, Pavel Calda

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 55-58 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.009  

Systém správy alertů na pomoc lékárníkům

Pavlína Štisová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 59-60  

Is local therapy with an analgesic ingredient always needed for treatment of hemorrhoidal disease?

Gabriela Kroupová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 40-42 | DOI: 10.36290/lek.2021.006  

Hemorrhoidal diseases are among the diseases of civilization and affect more than half of the population at least once in a lifetime. A patient with this disease very often turns to a pharmacist, so the article pays more attention to a new recommendation for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease, which goes hand in hand with venopharmaceutical therapy and topical treatment, which may not always contain local anesthetics.

Overview of agents for regeneration of skin barrier function

Radana Dwayebová

Prakt. lékáren. 2021; 17(1): 44-48  

The first part of the paper presents basic information on the skin's structure and its barrier function. It is followed by an account of the most common active ingredients aiding in the regeneration of the skin barrier that are found in particular therapeutic dermato-cosmetic products. The final part presents an overview and brief characteristics of selected agents available in pharmacies.